Age of Universe decoded

AGE OF UNIVERSE :

 

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An Article on Astrophysics and Vedic Jyotir vidya on Conflicting Theories. You may not understand well if you don’t have the basic knowledge on Astronomy.
Conclusions on The age of the universe as per ancient Veda is included here.
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We are presently in a “golden age” of cosmological discoveries. In 2015, India successfully launched it’s first hitech telescope named #ASTROSAT.
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ASTROSAT is India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space observatory. ASTROSAT observes universe in the optical, Ultraviolet, low and high energy X-Ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One of the objective for ASTROSAT is to find the age of universe just like the #HubbleTelescope.
There are various estimates on current age of universe.
The current estimate for age of the universe as per Hubble Telescope is 13.7 billion years, as per Einstein the age could be anywhere between 10-20 billion years. The age of our earth is given 13.75 billion years and moon 4.54 billion years and via traditional Vedic calculation 100 years of Brahma is 155 trillion years of which 77.79 trillion has already passed. In this vast age gap, an approximate various creation period of universe, human, planets etc is yet be identified and the existence of #GreatGalacticWalls that took from 80 billion to 250 billion years to form, do not support the Big Bang theory.
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LARGE SCALE STRUCTURES IN UNIVERSE :
In recent years, there have been a number of very serious challenges to the current theory of cosmic evolution and the belief the universe began just 13.7 billion years ago. These include the observation of large chains of galaxies spread throughout the universe forming gargantuan stellar structures separated by vast voids. The system of galactic Super Clusters forms a network permeating throughout the space, on which about 90% of the galaxies are located.
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The existence of these “Superclusters”, “Great Walls” and “Great Attractors” could have only come to be organized and situated in their present locations and to have achieved their current size, in a universe which is at least 80 billion to 250 billion years in age. The largest superclusters. e.g., “Coma”, extend up to 100 Mpc!
In 1986, Brent Tully of the University of Hawaii reported detecting Super Clusters of galaxies 300 million light years (mly) long and 100 mly thick – stretching out about 300 mly across. At the speeds at which galaxies are supposed to be moving, it would require 80 billion years to create such a huge complex of galaxies (Tully 1986).
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In 1989, a group lead by John Huchra and Margaret J. Geller at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovered “The Great Wall”- a series of galaxies, lined up and creating a “wall” of galaxies 500 million light years (mly) long, 200 mly wide, and 15 mly thick. This superstructure would have required at least 100 billion years to form.
A team of the British, American, and Hungarian astronomers have reported even larger structures. As per their findings, the universe is crossed by at least 13 ‘Great Walls’, apparent rivers of galaxies 100 Mpc long in the surveyed domain of 7 billion light years. They found galaxies clustered into bands spaced about 600 million light years apart. The pattern of these clusters stretches across about one-fourth of the diameter of the universe, or about seven billion light years. This huge shell and void pattern would have required nearly 150 billion years to form, based on their speed of movement, if produced by the standard Big Bang cosmology (Lerner 1990).
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The “Sloan Great Wall” of galaxies, as detected by the Sloan Digital Survey, has earned the distinction of being the largest observed structure in the Universe (Richard et al. 2005). It is 1.36 billion light years long and 80% longer than the Great Wall discovered by Geller and Huchra. It runs roughly from the head of Hydra to the feet of Virgo. It would have taken at least 250 billion years to form, if produced following a “Big Bang” creation event.
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As summarized by Van Flandern (2002), “The average speed of galaxies through space is a well-measured quantity. At those speeds, galaxies would require roughly the age of the universe to assemble into the largest structures (superclusters and walls) we see in space, and to clear all the voids between galaxy walls. But this assumes that the initial directions of motion are special, e.g., directed away from the centers of voids. To get around this problem, one must propose that galaxy speeds were initially much higher and have slowed due to some sort of “viscosity” of space. To form these structures by building up the needed motions through gravitational acceleration alone would take in excess of 100 billion years.”
In July 2003, the oldest planet yet was discovered, a huge gaseous object equivalent to 2.5 times the size of Jupiter whose origin dates back to about 13 billion years. This ancient planet was located by the Hubble Space the Telescope near the core of the ancient globular cluster M – 4 located some 7,200 light years away in the northern – summer constellation of Scorpius (Hansen et al. 2003). This discovery challenged a widely held view among astrophysicists that planets could not have originated so early because the Universe had yet to generate heavy elements needed to make them.
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Planet-making ingredients include iron, silicon and other elements heavier than helium and hydrogen. These so-called metallic elements are cooked in the nuclear furnaces of stars, and accumulate from the ashes of dying stars (supernovae), which are recycled in new stars and their families of planets (Joseph and Schild 2010).
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Planets 13 billion years in age, nearby galaxies 13.6 billion years in age, distant galaxies billions of years older than the supposed Big Bang, and the existence of #GreatGalacticWalls that took from 80 billion to 250 billion years to form, do not support the Big Bang theory.